99 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ» (1950 ɝ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ103. Ɋɨɫɬ ɞɨɥɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ «ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 60–80-ɯ ɝɝ. ɏɏ ɜ. ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. Ƚɭɩɫɩɤ ɸɭɛɪ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 1970–80-ɠ ɞɞ. Ɉɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ104. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ – Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ ȿɗɋ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɥɟɝɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ: ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ. ɇɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɜ 70-ɟ ɝɝ. ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɤɭ ɞɧɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɡɚɱɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɛɨɪɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɭɫɠɭɷɠɧ ɸɭɛɪɠ ɝ 1990-ɠ ɞɞ. ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ, ɢ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ. ȼ 1992 ɝ. Ɇɚɚɫɬɪɢɯɞɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɫɢɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ. 6. ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ, ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ, ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ105. ȿɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢɧɹɜ ɪɹɞ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ȿɋ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɨɬ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɭ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨ- 103 Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ. 104 Arribas G.V., Carrasco L. Gender Equality and the EU, Eipascope 2003/1, p. 22. URL: http://www.eipa.nl 105 The Maastricht treaty. provisions amending the treaty establishing the European economic community with a view to establishing the European community. 7 February 1992.
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