92 ɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ, ɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɝɢɬɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɣ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ «ɦɭɠɫɤɨɦ»ɩɪɨɮɢɥɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɟɣ, ɧɟɜɟɪɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɪɭɡ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ. ȼɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɚɧɬɢɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ, ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɞɨɜɟɪɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɭɫɩɟɯ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ. ȿ.Ʌ. Ȼɚɞɦɚɰɵɪɟɧɨɜɚ ɍɥɚɧ-ɍɞɷ, Ȼɭɪɹɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɎɒȻɌɍɃɀ ɁɀɈɔɃɈ Ƚ ɊɋɀȿɌɍȻȽɃɍɀɆɗɈɖɐ ɉɋȾȻɈȻɐ ȼɎɋɚɍɌɅɉɄ ȻɌɌɋ Ƚ 1956–1991 ȾɉȿȻɐ ȼ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɫɟɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɡɪɟɥɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NzQwMjQ=