90 ɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. Ƚ.Ɍ. ɍɪɚɧɯɚɟɜɚ ɋɟɦɟɣ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɤɢɣ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜ. ɁɀɈɔɃɈȻ Ƀ ȽɆȻɌɍɗ: ȾɀɈȿɀɋɈɖɄ ȻɌɊɀɅɍ Ɉɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɨɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ 1990-ɯ ɝɝ. ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ – ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɵɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɨ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɨɛɹɡɚɥɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ-ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫɬ. 7). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɟɤɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɥɢɲɶ 21 ɢɡ 189 ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜɡɹɜɲɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɭɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɉɟɤɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɭɦɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ, ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɚ. ȼ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɟ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɜ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
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