67 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ: ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɧɫɢɝɧɢɢ: ɦɚɧɬɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɧɚ, ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɨɞɟɹɧɢɟ. ɐɚɪɶ ɫɚɦɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɥ ɧɚ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɭ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɞɚɥ ɟɣ ɜ ɪɭɤɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ-ɫɨɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫ ɰɚɪɟɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɭɸ ɢɦ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ. ɉɟɬɪ ɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɥ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɭ ɤ ɐɚɪɫɤɢɦ ɜɪɚɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɪɨɩɨɦɚɡɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɚɥ ɛɵɥ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸ ɢ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɑɢɧ ɤɨɪɨɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ: ɤɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɨɪɮɢɪɵ, ɫɤɢɩɟɬɪɚ ɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵ; ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɭɸ: ɦɢɪɨɩɨɦɚɡɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɟ ɭ ɐɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɚɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɜ. ɞɚɪɨɜ: ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ-ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɜ ɚɥɬɚɪɟ ɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɚ. ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɥ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɥ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɹɞɚ, ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɜ «ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ» ɪɨɥɢ ɩɪɢ «ɦɢɪɨɩɨɦɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɰɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɱɢɧɭ»58 ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ Ⱥɧɧɵ ɂɨɚɧɧɨɜɧɵ ɜ 1730 ɝ., ɬɚɤ ɤɨɪɨɧɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɪɢɰɵ ȿɥɢɡɚɜɟɬɚ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɧɚ (1742) ɢ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɚ II (1762). ɉɟɪɟɞɚɜ ɪɟɝɚɥɢɢ ɫɜɢɬɟ, ɨɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢɱɚɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɚɥɬɚɪɟ ɩɨ «ɰɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ ɱɢɧɭ», ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɹ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ 1797 ɝ. Ʉɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɢɬɭɚɥ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɉɚɜɥɚ I ɫɬɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɤɨɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ59. ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ, ɭɠɟ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɧɭ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ, ɩɨɞɧɹɜɲɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɜ ɪɟɝɚɥɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ, ɩɨɞɡɵɜɚɥ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɭ, ɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɧɢ, ɫɧɢɦɚɥ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɤɨɪɨɧɭ, ɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɟɸ ɞɨ ɟɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɟɧɨɣ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ, ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɧɭ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɶ ɫɚɦ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɥ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɰɟɩɶ ɨɪɞɟɧɚ ɫɜ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɹ ɉɟɪɜɨɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɪɮɢɪɭ. 58 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ. Ɍ. 8. ʋ 5517. 59 Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ. Ɍ. 24. ʋ 17659.
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