8 ɤɚɡɚɱɤɢ ɜ XIX – ɧɚɱ. XX ɜ. Ɉɛɞɛɠɝɛ Ⱦ.Ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɑɟɪɧɨɦɨɪɶɹ ɢ Ʉɭɛɚɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XIX – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɜ. ɇɛɫɭɶɨɹɥ ɉ. Ɋɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɢɟɜɚ ɡɚ 1874 – 1923 ɝɝ. ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɋɩɧɛɨɣɳɣɨɛ Ƚ.Ɉ. ȼɥɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XX ɜ. Ɋɩɫɳɨɠɝɛ ɉ.Ɍ., ȼɛɡɠɨɩɝɛ Ʌ.ɀ. ɀɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛ. ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɇɩɫɞɮɨɩɝ Ʌ.Ȼ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɬɢɣɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɟɩɨɳɟɧɢɸ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜ (1920-ɟ ɝɝ.) ɂɛɝɩɟɬɥɛɺ Ƀ.Ɉ. ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɫɬɪɨɹ: ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ 1930-ɯ ɝɝ. Ƀɞɩɨɣɨ Ȼ.Ƚ. ɀɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɘɝɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɀɫɧɛɥɩɝ Ȼ.ɇ. ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɪɟɣɯɚ ɝɥɚɡɚɦɢ ɥɟɜɨɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɯ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ (ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ «ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɢɠɫɤɨɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ») Ɍɭɺɡɥɣɨɛ ɀ.Ƚ. ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɤɚɤ «ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɹ» ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɢ: ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ȼɛɫɬɮɥ ɀ.Ƚ. ɋɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ 40 – 60-ɯ ɝɝ. XX ɜ.: ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ Ɍɮɦɠɤɧɛɨɩɝɛ ɋ.Ɉ. Ɉ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ 175 178 181 183 186 188 190 193 196 198 202
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