36 ɫɬɚɥɢɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ22. ȼ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɏɏ ɜ. ɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ ɦɚɫɤɭɥɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ 1917 ɝ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɨɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ (ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ, «ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ» ɦɨɞɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ). ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɚ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ, ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ɋɷɧɞɨɥɮɚ. Ⱥ ɦɨɠɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ «ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚ» ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɮɟɦɢɧɢɡɦɚ Ɋɢɱɚɪɞɚ ɋɬɚɣɬɫɚ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɛɵɬɶ «ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧ» ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ23. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɤ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɭɤɨɪɟɧɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɭɫɢɫɬɢɤɟ, ɱɟɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɤ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ) ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ Russian studies. ə.Ȼ. Ɋɭɞɧɟɜɚ ɇɚɛ. ɑɟɥɧɵ, ɇɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɱɟɥɧɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧ-ɬ ɘɇȻɈɌɃɊȻɑɃɚ, ɏɀɇɃɈɃɂȻɑɃɚ, ȻɌɌɃɇɃɆɚɑɃɚ (ɅɋȻɍɅɃɄ ɉȼɂɉɋ ɂȻɋɎȼɀɁɈɉɄ ɃɌɍɉɋɃɉȾɋȻɏɃɃ Ɋɉ ɃɌɍɉɋɃɃ ȽɖɌɓɀȾɉ ɁɀɈɌɅɉȾɉ ɉȼɋȻɂɉȽȻɈɃɚ Ƚ ɋɉɌɌɃɃ) ȼ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ 1970–1980-ɯ ɝɝ. 22 Sanborn J. Drafting the Russian nation: Military conscription, total war, and mass politics, 1905–1925. DeKalb, 2003; Krylova A. Soviet women in combat: A history of violence on the Eastern front. N. Y., 2010 ɢ ɞɪ. 23 Stites R. Serfdom, society, and the arts in imperial Russia: The pleasure and the power. New Haven, 2005.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NzQwMjQ=