187 ɤ ɷɥɢɬɟ, ɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɨɫɶ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɹɦ. ɀɭɪɧɚɥɵ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɯ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɩɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɟɧɚɦ ɡɟɦɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɤɚɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɦɟɞɢɤɚɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ 1915 ɝ. ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɚɦɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɭɮɢɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɑɟɪɞɵɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɤɢ210. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɦɫɤɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɱɟɪɩɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ: ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɜ, ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ, ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɛɚɥɨɜ, ɦɚɫɤɚɪɚɞɨɜ, ɥɨɬɟɪɟɣ, ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɤɪɭɠɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɛɨɪɨɜ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɵ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɚɦɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ ɢ ɭɟɡɞɨɜ211. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɪɭɠɤɢ ɢɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɵ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ212. ɏɨɬɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ, ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰ ɱɟɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɞɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɥ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɠɚɧɞɚɪɦɫɤɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. ɀɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɢ ɠɟɪɬɜɚɦ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ: ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɹ; ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ; ɩɨɲɢɜɟ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɶɹ; ɫɛɨɪɟ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɚɪɦɢɸ ɬɟɩɥɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ, ɛɟɥɶɹ, 210 ɀɭɪɧɚɥɵ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ... ɋ. 146, 163. 211 Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɏ. 515.; Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɜ ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɏ. 416. 212 Ɉɱɟɪɤ ɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱦɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɪɭɠɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ 5 ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 1914 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ 25 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 1916 ɝɨɞɚ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ, 1916.
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