161 ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼɡɚɢɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɣ ɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɉɚɪɫɨɧɫ, ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɟ «ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ» ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ, ɩɨɤɭɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ «ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ» (counterpart) ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɢɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ176. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮ Ʌ. ɍɚɣɬ ɞɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ «ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɢɞɟɹɯ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ. ɉɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, «ɫɢɦɜɨɥ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ»177. ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ: ɠɟɫɬ, ɡɜɭɤ, ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ, ɰɜɟɬ, ɜɤɭɫ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɯ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɱɶ. Ȼɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɞɨɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɦɢɪɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɰɢɣ, ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɢɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɜɨɟɞɢɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ – ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ – ɫɜɟɪɯɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ – ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ – ɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ – ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥɵ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɬɨɪɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɢɧɬɟɪɟɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ. Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ, 176 Parsons T. Values, Motives, and Systems of Action // Parsons T., Shils E. (eds.) Toward a General Theory of Action. Cambridge, 1954. P. 160. 177 ɍɚɣɬ Ʌ.Ⱥ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɪɟɱɢ // Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ Ʌ.Ⱥ. ɍɚɣɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ, 1996. ɋ. 60–62.
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